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N2 Core Grammar

Every JLPT word from N5 to N1, with readings and meanings, plus the core grammar patterns for each level. Search in Japanese, romaji or English.

New to the JLPT? How scoring works N4 to N3 Which level to take These guides are in English only.

What is available
LevelVocabularyKanjiGrammarEnglishनेपाली
N57577952
N471616656
N32,28736759 Grammar
N22,12036754 Grammar
N13,7591,23259 Grammar

54 core patterns

The patterns tested most often, not a complete list. The JLPT publishes no official grammar list, and fuller references carry roughly three times as many.

PatternMeaningExample
〜あげくafter all that, in the end悩んだあげく、辞めた。After much worry, I quit in the end.
〜末にafter ... finally議論の末に決まった。It was decided after much discussion.
〜上でafter doing / upon確認した上で返事します。I'll reply after confirming.
〜以上はnow that / since約束した以上は守る。Now that I've promised, I'll keep it.
〜からにはgiven thatやるからには全力で。If I'm going to do it, I'll give my all.
〜おそれがあるthere is a risk that台風が来るおそれがある。There is a risk a typhoon will come.
〜かねないmight well (bad)事故になりかねない。It could well lead to an accident.
〜かねるcannot bring oneself toその件は分かりかねます。I am unable to say on that matter.
〜がたいhard to信じがたい話だ。It's a hard story to believe.
〜きる / 〜きれないdo completely / cannot一日では読みきれない。I can't finish reading it in a day.
〜ようがないno way to直しようがない。There's no way to fix it.
〜に違いないmust surely be彼は知っているに違いない。He surely knows.
〜に決まっているbound to be負けるに決まっている。We're bound to lose.
〜に過ぎないno more than言い訳に過ぎない。It's nothing more than an excuse.
〜に相違ないwithout doubt事実に相違ない。It is without doubt a fact.
〜にほかならないis nothing but努力の結果にほかならない。It is nothing but the result of effort.
〜に限らずnot limited to日本に限らず世界中で。Not only in Japan but worldwide.
〜に限るnothing beats夏はビールに限る。Nothing beats beer in summer.
〜に応じてaccording to収入に応じて税金を払う。You pay tax according to income.
〜に基づいてbased on事実に基づいて書く。I write based on facts.
〜に沿ってalong / in line with計画に沿って進める。We proceed in line with the plan.
〜にわたってspanning / over三年にわたって続いた。It continued over three years.
〜をこめてfilled with心をこめて作った。I made it with all my heart.
〜を通じてthrough / throughout友人を通じて知り合った。We met through a friend.
〜をきっかけにtriggered by留学をきっかけに変わった。Studying abroad changed me.
〜を問わずregardless of経験を問わず募集中。Recruiting regardless of experience.
〜をはじめstarting with東京をはじめ各地で。In many places, starting with Tokyo.
〜はもちろんnot to mention漢字はもちろん、文法も難しい。Kanji aside, grammar is hard too.
〜どころかfar from / let alone休むどころか徹夜した。Far from resting, I stayed up all night.
〜ばかりかnot only that but遅刻したばかりか、謝らなかった。Not only was he late, he didn't apologise.
〜のみならずnot only国内のみならず海外でも。Not only at home but abroad.
〜つつあるgradually becoming景気は回復しつつある。The economy is gradually recovering.
〜つつwhile / although悪いと知りつつ続けた。I continued knowing it was wrong.
〜ながらもalthough狭いながらも快適だ。Small though it is, it's comfortable.
〜くせにdespite (blame)知っているくせに教えない。He knows but won't tell me.
〜わりにconsidering値段のわりにおいしい。It's tasty for the price.
〜反面on the other side便利な反面、高い。Convenient, but on the other hand expensive.
〜ものだからbecause (excuse)急いでいたものだから、忘れた。I forgot because I was in a hurry.
〜だけあってas one would expect fromプロだけあって上手だ。He's good, as you'd expect from a pro.
〜からこそprecisely because君だからこそ頼む。I'm asking precisely because it's you.
〜てたまらないunbearably暑くてたまらない。It's unbearably hot.
〜てならないcannot help feeling心配でならない。I can't help worrying.
〜ざるを得ないhave no choice but認めざるを得ない。I have no choice but to admit it.
〜ぬきでwithout冗談ぬきで話そう。Let's talk without joking.
〜っこないdefinitely won'tできっこない。There's no way I can do it.
〜次第でdepending on天気次第で決める。We'll decide depending on the weather.
〜上はnow that引き受けた上は責任を持つ。Now that I've accepted, I take responsibility.
〜たところupon doing, it turned out調べたところ、間違いだった。On checking, it turned out to be wrong.
〜かのようにas if何もなかったかのように話す。He talks as if nothing happened.
〜ことなくwithout ever休むことなく働いた。He worked without ever resting.
〜得る / 得ないcan / cannot possiblyあり得ない話だ。That's an impossible story.
〜ぎみa touch of疲れぎみです。I'm feeling a bit tired.
〜だけにprecisely because期待していただけに残念だ。It's disappointing precisely because I'd hoped.
〜においてin / at (formal)会議において決定した。It was decided at the meeting.